Two centuries of economic modernization explain the development of the research projects taking part in this research area. Economic Modernization is understood initially as integration to capitalism but also, since 1930, as an autochthonous socialism conquer. It is expected to provide knowledge for the historic understanding of the structures and the socio-economic processes that have defined the region, especially on the challenges for its development, the projects carried out on this direction, and all it is still to acknowledge about it.