This research area has a macroeconomic direction and its research topics are determined by the economic events, the implementation of economic policies of short and medium term and its results. The research work of this area includies issues such as: external dept, exchange rate, balance of payment, monetary and fiscal policies, financing fiscal expenditure, internal savings and its determinants, inflation, volatility of the fiscal policy, alternative monetary regimes, and measurement of poverty. This area has also carried out works on the general balance theory, game theory, political and institutional economy, governability, and pension systems.